This study assesses the feasibility of implementing electronic exchange of trade-related data and documents between the Philippines and potential partners in the Asia-Pacific region.
The report begins by examining the background and current context of relevance to the country, including facts and figures on trade facilitation, the perspective of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) – a key focus of the Philippine economy – in relation to paperless trade, updates to the recommendations from the readiness assessment on cross-border paperless trade that had previously been conducted for the Philippines, and international commitments that the Philippines is involved in. This is followed by a discussion and analysis centred on the survey and interview responses collected from Philippine stakeholders involved in the end-to-end cargo clearance process. The implications of these findings for cross-border exchange for the Philippines is presented next, and the report concludes with a list of policy areas for consideration in advancing cross-border paperless trade in the country.
The Philippines has made significant progress in implementing paperless trade and trade digitalization over the years. As the private sector have transformed themselves with digital technologies, expectations for the government to follow suit have also increased. Through the various policies, regulations and measures that have been established for paperless trade, the Philippines is technically and legally ready to exchange electronic data across borders with partner economies. This is reflected in the survey responses from Customs officials, who indicated that most of the core Customs operations are already digitalized, except for a few processes that are still manual. The implication of this is that a company conducting trade should be able to clear its goods shipment without having to physically visit Customs offices.
However, it is not so straightforward in practice – there are still manual processes in the application of permits, licenses, and certificates from the Trade Regulatory Government Agencies (TRGAs). Thus, only freely importable items, goods that may be freely imported to the Philippines without the need for import permits, clearances or licenses, can be cleared paperless. In addition, challenges exist that hamper the digitalization of trade processes, such as the lack of standardized data formats and interoperability among different trade-related systems across government agencies.
Based on the survey responses, the top three (3) documents identified for prioritization for cross-border exchange are the Certificate of Origin, Export Declaration, and Phytosanitary Certificate. As for the top three (3) potential trading partners, both co-chairs of the Philippine Trade Facilitation Committee (PTFC) indicated China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.
Effectively operationalizing prospects and future opportunities in cross-border exchange, however, will require further efforts in enhancing the paperless trade environment in the Philippines. A clear need highlighted by survey respondents is for the systems of the Bureau of Customs and TRGAs to be made more interoperable and integrated, which would especially benefit SMEs as the easing of trade processes are expected to impact their operations and service delivery disproportionately. More seamless trade processes should also enable SMEs to better expand their markets, which in turn is a boost to the national economy.
The report discusses several areas for policy development and further consideration moving forward, including the strengthening of capacity-building, implementation of a standardized digital data governance, use of the National Single Window (NSW), harmonized data-sharing, identity management and trade data protection, the leveraging of emerging technologies, and implementation of an Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) scheme for SMEs.