E/ESCAP/STAT.11/Republic of Korea
19 August 1998
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Committee on Statistics
24-26 November 1998
Bangkok

Summary

The past few years have seen several notable developments of the official statistics in Korea. The National Statistical Office (NSO), as a central statistical agency, continues to respond to new user requirements, improve the quality of its statistics, implement new international statistical standards, and adopt new Information Technology.

To meet the growing demands of users, NSO has developed new statistics: Investment Indicators, Statistics on the Information and Communication Industry, Statistics on Business Enterprises, Environmental Indices and Human Resource Accounts. NSO is also improving the quality of existing statistics by reviewing and applying new methodologies and conceptions: the Economically Active Population Survey, the 2000 Population and Housing Census, and others have been revised to increase accuracy.

NSO has expanded the application of IT in the areas of statistical survey, data collection, analysis and dissemination of statistical information. NSO computerized the Enumeration District Maps in the 1995 Population and Housing Census and 1996 Industry Census.

We are testing to adopt the new information technology, called CAPI(Computer Assisted Personal Interview) system, to the monthly survey of the Economically Active Population Survey from Oct. 1998.

Given the recent prevalence and improved ability of PC's, we opened the NSO Homepage in 1996, and provided CD-ROM titles as soon as possible after publication of survey reports, such as 1995 Population and Housing Census Report, Annual Report on Industrial Production Statistics, Korea Statistical Yearbook, Statistical Map by Administrative District, and OECD Statistics in 1997.

To promote inter-agency data utilization and to provide users with one-stop service for decentralized statistics, we have planned to build a new system, so called 'Total Information System on Statistics'. This system is to connect NSO's Database with other statistical agencies' via an on-line network. This networked database will be available to users in Aug. 1999.

Also, in order to deal with the Year 2000 problem, all of the hardware equipment, fundamental software, and applications in use were scrutinized as of Oct. 1998. Most of them will be Y2K-compliant, but NSO is going to test them continuously for the hidden or unknown problems.

Finally, this report details the impact of the Korean financial crisis on statistical services, describing the downsizing of personnel and the budget.

Contents

• Brief Outline of the National Statistical Office
• Statistical System in Korea
  • Statistical Agencies
  • Regional Statistical Activities
• Statistical Activities of the NSO

• The Impact of the Korean Financial Crisis on the Statistical Services

• Appendix 
  • Organization chart of the NSO
  • List of Statistical Surveys and Processed Statistics of NSO

Brief Outline of the National Statistical Office

The history of the National Statistical Office (hereinafter abbreviated as NSO) dates back to 1948 when the Bureau of Statistics was established within the Office of Public Information.

The bureau-level statistical organization was maintained up to the end of 1990. In January 1991, however, the Bureau of Statistics was upgraded to the assistant ministerial level and renamed as the NSO.

At that time, three bureaus and five divisions were newly created at the headquarters. The Statistical Training Center was also set up to educate and train personnel engaged in statistical activities in Korea.

At present, the NSO consists of four bureaus comprising 18 divisions, the Statistical Training Center with 2 divisions, 12 local branch offices and 35 sub-local branch offices. A Director-General who reports directly to the Commissioner heads each of four bureaus along with the Statistical Training Center.

In addition, there is a Statistical Council, which is a consultative body to the Commissioner of NSO on matters of statistical development. The Council plays an important role in assisting the NSO to accomplish its coordinating function of national statistical activities. Under the Council, six sub-committees are incorporated to deal with special and technical matters of statistics.

As of November 1998, the NSO has a staff of 1,772 personnel among whom 414 work for the central office and 39 in the Statistical Training Center. The remaining 1,319 persons, almost two thirds of the total staff, work in the local branch offices. An organizational chart of the NSO is presented in the Appendix Table 1.

Statistical System in Korea

1. Statistical Agencies

The Korean statistical system is in principle decentralized in that each government agency has the responsibility to collect its statistics relating to its particular field. Hence, statistical programs are managed and operated under the authority of separate government departments. The statistical agencies in Korea can be broadly classified into central government agencies, local government agencies and non-governmental agencies.

The 5 central government agencies which have a division level or higher are as follows: the NSO, the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Labor, and the Ministry of Environment. Under each of 16 local governments, the statistics and computer systems office (division level) plays a role to perform the statistical activities.

The local governments are to support the field operation for data collection in various censuses and large-scale surveys conducted by the central governmental agencies. In addition, each local government produces the statistics for its own use through carrying out surveys, compiling the administrative records, and publishing the provincial statistical yearbooks. Non-governmental agencies such as the Bank of Korea, the Korea Development Bank, the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, etc., are in charge of conducting surveys and compiling statistics.

The NSO, the central statistical agency, mostly produces fundamental official statistics. The NSO also has the responsibility for integrating and coordinating the statistical activities of the various agencies concerned.

As of November 1998, the total number of organizations involved in the compilation of official statistics in Korea is 103. Among them, 25 are central government departments, 16 provincial government departments and 62 non-government organizations.

Together, these organizations produce a total of 387 official statistics under the authority of the Statistics Law. Among them, 184 kinds were compiled based on the statistical censuses and surveys, 169 on the administrative records, and 34 were processed.

2. Regional Statistical Activities

In Korea, some statistical agencies of the central government have their own regional branches to collect data.

NSO has 12 local branches and 35 sub-local branches. In those branches, 1,319 people are working as of November 1998.

The Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry has 9 local branches and 80 sub-local branches, with 1,208 personnel.

Meanwhile, looking into the organization of local governments, it shows that each province has a statistics section. The number of staff in the statistics section of each province is 6.3 on an average as of November 1998.

Statistical Activities of the NSO 1. New Directions of Statistical Administration          

To meet fast-changing circumstances, the NSO is taking new directions of statistical administration as follows:

• to develop new statistics for increasingly diversified statistical needs
• to improve the quality of statistics
• to produce and provide statistics economically
• to deliver the statistical results faster and more conveniently for users
• to produce user-oriented statistics
• to produce statistics that meet international requirements.

2. Development of New Statistics

To meet the growing demands of users for data and analysis, NSO has developed new statistics as follows:

2.1 Investment Indicators

The statistics on construction investment and equipment investment are compiled based on the order-received surveys. And these statistics are used as leading investment indicators.

It is found, however, that the data do not always accurately portray the actual amount of investment due to a variety of changing circumstances. Thus, the NSO developed at the end of 1997 new indicators calculated on the basis of actual delivery of orders received to show a more accurate trend of investment. Those two new indicators on construction and equipment investment were released from January 1998.

2.2 Statistics on Information and Communication Industry

Responding to a widespread information revolution, the activities of the information and communication industry have been demonstrating an increasing complexity. Furthermore, current statistics on information and communication are produced by many different agencies and thus are not easily accessible.

For example, statistics on production of computer hardware are shown in the Mining and Manufacturing Survey. Statistics on computer software are in the Service Industry Survey and statistics on the construction of telecommunication facilities are in the Construction Work Survey. Moreover, statistics on telecommunication services have not yet been compiled officially in Korea. To solve this problem, the NSO is now developing synthetic statistics in the field of the information and telecommunication industry in cooperation with the Ministry of Information and Communication. The final report will be published in December 1998.

2.3 Statistics on Business Enterprises

The existing surveys measuring business activities are conducted with the establishment unit. Therefore, they are not enough to grasp the range of activities of business enterprises. Thus, it is planned to carry out a survey on the basis of the enterprise.

2.4 Environmental Indices

With current thrust on environmental concerns, the dearth of environmental statistics becomes more evident. At present, several agencies are involved in collecting data as a part of their regular works.

The NSO, in collaboration with the related agencies, will develop environmental indices. These can provide the users with information concerning environmental degradation such as air, water and noise pollution, and the generation of wastes.

2.5 Human Resource Accounts

Human Resource Accounts (HRA) is one of the satellite accounts of the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA). It integrates economic and socio-demographic accounts for households. HRA preparation in Korea, which was launched by the joint work between the NSO and the UNSD, is a pioneering task being the first of its kind in the world. The objective of this project is to extend the framework of HRA to Korean economy and consequently to compile human resource accounts for Korea (KORHRA) from 1990 to 1995.

KORHRA links the economic analysis of the SNA with those of other fields where economic activities have an impact on such as social and demographic concerns. The present KORHRA is designed for socio-economic studies of education. This design is intended to measure the effectiveness of government policies aimed at improving the educational quality of population, and to determine the impacts of such policies on the level and quality of employment. At a later stage, it may be further refined for use in studies dealing with other social issues such as health, poverty, etc..

The result will be available as an example for other countries to follow in improving national accounts of their own. The difficulties experienced and the solutions created to overcome those difficulties should be of considerable interests to other countries developing their own HRAs.

3. Activities Improving the Quality of Existing Statistics

The NSO is in the process of improving the quality of existing statistics by reviewing and applying new methodological and conceptual aspects of statistical compilation in the following fields:

3.1 Economically Active Population Survey

Since 1995, the NSO has been reviewing for possible revision of the Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) questionnaire in order to meet internal and external needs. Internally, the Korean labour market has been more complicated due to socio-economic changes for the past 15 years, when the NSO adopted the ILO standards.

Externally, Korean government has been requested to provide an unemployment rate based on the OECD standard. The job search period of the unemployed in the ILO standards is one week while it is 4 weeks in the OECD. To meet the request, EAPS questionnaire has to be revised.

The NSO has made a committee formed with several labour-economists and government officials to go over these matters. In 1996, the committee published a report with several suggestions and recommendations on issues and directions for the EAPS revisions.

Some pilot surveys were conducted in 1997, and the revised questionnaire was used from January 1998.

3.2 Seasonal Adjustment

In order to obtain more accurate trend estimates in the monthly time-series data, NSO is in the process of reviewing methodological aspects for seasonal adjustment.

The directions NSO is considering are as follows : developing a new model to replace the existing model developed in 1987, making an adjustment possible for the effect of small labor strikes, and disaggregating the effects of New Year's Day (1 Jan. in the lunar calendar) and Full Moon's Day (15 Aug. in the lunar calendar). At present, the effects of those days are adjusted according to the average of the past ones.

3.3 Composite Indices of Business Indicators

Some components for the compilation of composite indices were recently substituted in order to cope quickly with the business movements.

For the Leading Composite Index, indicators excluded, added or substituted are as follows: excluded (import licenses issued, loans of deposit money banks), added (import of natural resources for exports, producers' shipment index on durable consumer goods), substituted (ratio of inventory to shipment index circulatory indicator of inventory to shipment)

3.4 2000 Population and Housing Census         

The census taking in Korea has been confronted with several difficulties such as costs, workload of local government, recruitment of enumerators, etc.. The census cost is very serious to the NSO because it is expected to reach around 100 billion Won, which is almost twice as much as that for the 1995 census. Therefore, we have to think over various ways to reduce increasing costs for the year 2000 census in Korea.

The census is conducted through various stages and long procedures. All of these steps can be considered in efficient ways. Strategies for conducting the census in a cost-effective manner are as follows:

NSO is carefully reviewing to adopt a self-enumeration method in principle instead of the traditional face-to-face method by temporary enumerators. NSO is also examining to replace the IT for data capturing from OMR to OCR system.

4. Application of Information Technology

4.1 Overview

Rapid development in information technology changes all aspects of human life. Also, it has significant effects on many NSO's works. That is application of IT in the area of statistical survey, data collection, data analysis, and dissemination of statistical information.

Viewed in this light, several major innovations made on the application of information technology to various statistical works will be described as follow:

4.2 Innovations on Applications to NSO's works

4.2.1 Multi-Platforms in Use

The NSO is establishing a multi-platform infrastructure on which the general-purpose mainframe IBM-9672 computer, several Samsung-TICOM Unix computers, and thousands of PCs support each process of the statistical works.

The mainframe computer system and several Unix machines are accessible to the IT staffs in every office at headquarters through the LAN backbone, and to the field enumerators in their 47 local offices via the Public Networks.

We also have special workstations for GIS (Geographical Information System) on which we computerized the Enumeration District Map all over the country for conducting surveys, such as the 1995 Population and Housing Census and 1996 Industry Census.

4.2.2 Applications developments in statistical works

With the powerful equipment, there have been many kinds of application developments in information technology. It changed the style of traditional activities of the statistical work at NSO.

Current applications of information technology in each process of statistical work are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1. Related I.T. for the NSO's tasks

Each Process	Statistical Works	Related I.T.
Survey, Census	- Conduct census within Enumeration Districts	- GIS with digitizer, penplotter,  ARC/INFO (GIS SW)
Data Collection	- PAPI - CAPI (reviewing)	- Input data locally & send it to Headquaters using in-house program developed.  - Notebook with interface SW
Tabulation & Analysis	- Summarized by several classifications	- High-speed processors & large volume data storage devices
Data Management & Dissemination	- Micro/Macro data Manage	- KOSIS service via Internet - Auto-Publishing,  CD-ROMs - Optical Disk Storage, Relational database managing

Details related to the information technology in each process of statistical works are to be discussed as follows.

A. Survey assisted by the GIS

To establish the EDs (Enumeration Districts) for the 1995 Population and Housing Census by computer, the NSO borrowed whole-country basemaps from the National Geographic Institute and boundary maps of the EDs from local governments, then scanned them into the Census Mapping System Database. After delineating the EDs on the map through GIS computer, the NSO was able to provide as many ED Maps as needed for conducting the Census. The style of maps used has been raster type with scanned images, and it was applied to the 1996 Industry Census.

B. Data collection through organization-wide networks

Since 1992, field enumerators have inputted monthly survey data such as the Economically Active Population Survey, the Household Income and Expenditure Survey, and the Mining and Manufacturing Industry Survey, using their own PC's at the 47 local and sub-local branches. NSO has tested to apply the new information technology, called the CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) system, to the monthly survey of Economically Active Population whose sampling units are 35,000 households since Oct. 1998. After diagnosing the problems caused by conducting surveys with notebook computers instead of paper, we are going to apply the CAPI system to the other surveys.

For the monthly industry surveys, large industry companies will begin to send their answers to the NSO directly through the network. The NSO will distribute ready-made programs to industry companies. This means that collecting data of industrial activities will be faster than before.

To process huge data records of the Population and Housing Census, about 50 million population records and 12 million housing records, the NSO introduced three OMRs 1990. Breaking the conventional key-entry method, the information is put in computer storage. Compared with conventional method, this method shortened the census-processing durations from 21 months to 12 months. It also improved the accuracy of census results.

For upcoming 2000 Population and Housing Census, NSO is carefully examining to replace the IT for capturing census data from OMR to OCR system.

C. Large volume of statistical tabulation

After all the data is accumulated at headquarters, we compile and tabulate this large volume of data with the IBM9672. It is equipped with high-speed processors and printers, and in-house programs with efficient summarizing and tabulating algorithms.

Apart from the application programs running in main-frame computer, there are also hundreds of end-user programs which use a typical statistical package; SAS, SPSS and Spreedsheet in PCs

D. Statistical Information Dissemination via Internet

In 1991, the NSO started operating an on-line statistical database system, which is called KOSIS (Korea Statistical Information System) for public services through networks of National Administration's Total Information System (NATIS) and other Valued Added Networks (VANs).

Given the recent prevalence and improved ability of PC's, we opened the NSO Homepage in 1996, and provided CD-ROM titles as soon as possible after publication of survey reports. In addition to this homepage, NSO's statistical databases have been opened to netizens by 'telnet' mode since Mar. 1998

To promote inter-agency data utilization and to provide users with one-stop service for decentralized statistics, we have planned to build a new system, so called the 'Total Information System on Statistics'. This system is to connect NSO's Database with other statistical agencies' via an on-line network. This networked database will be available to users in Aug. 1999.

4.3 Progress of Y2K compliance with NSO computer systems

Decades ago, it was the world's practice to allocate 2-digit data fields for storing date data in the computer system. This will cause to crash on Jan. 1, 2000.

As of Oct. 1998, we have scrutinized all of the hardware equipment, fundamental software, and applications. The result is that most of them will be Y2K-compliant. Table 2 is brief summary of Y2K-compliance for NSO's major systems.

Table 2. Summary of Y2K compliance at NSO

	System	Kinds	Year	Quantity	Diagnoses
Hard-ware	Main-frame	IBM9672 Samsung-   TICOMs	1997 1995	15	- Y2K compliant -OS is Y2K compliant except several function (*Vendor solve till 1999)
	PCs	Pentium  486  386	1996 1995 1993	650 155 299	- Y2K compliant -Y2K compliant with new BIOS - Will be replaced with 586 in 1999
	Network equipment	Router, Modem	1995	78	- A few have Y2K problem (*Vendor replace it's SW till 1999)
Application	Survey data processing System(s)	Batch	1980's		- NSO are fixing Y2K problem till 1999
	KOSIS, Web System	On-line	1995		- Y2K compliant, designing 4-digit year code

Although most of them will be Y2K-compliant, NSO is going to test them continuously for the hidden or unknown problems.

5. Developing Closer Links with Users

It is important for NSO, as the central statistical agency, to obtain credibility and public confidence in statistical data. In this context, NSO is trying to strengthen links between statistics producers and users as follows:

The activities are to have meetings of the Statistical Council, Special Committees and working-groups more frequently, to hold seminars on special subjects or on statistical developments often in conjunction with statistical societies and/or research institutes, to give lectures to reporters as well as to teachers in primary schools. (Such lectures have been found to be very useful in helping them understand the importance of statistics).

Since 1995, NSO has commemorated the ceremony of Statistics Day on Sep. 1^st. The fourth commemoration ceremony was held in Sep. 1998. At that time, interviewees were awarded prizes for responding sincerely on surveys, and a symposium was held on the results of the National Family Income and Expenditure Survey

6. Strengthening International Statistical Cooperation

The NSO places considerable importance on its international relations, and it participates extensively in international statistical activities. Its staff keeps abreast of the new statistical techniques and developments through contact with other leading national statistical agencies. The NSO is also committed to sharing its knowledge and experiences with overseas visitors.

Importance is also placed on ensuring that Korea's statistics are internationally comparable through compliance with standards set by such bodies as UN, IMF, ILO and OECD.

The NSO has maintained bilateral exchange and cooperation programs with the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the State Statistical Bureau of China, and the Federal Statistical Germany. In addition, NSO has received statistical missions and study groups from international agencies and other countries.

The NSO will hold the Seminal on Human Resource Accounts December from 8 to 10, 1998, in Seoul, Korea, with UNSD.

The Seminar on the Information Technology will be held December from 15 to 18, 1998, in Taejon, Korea, with ESCAP.

The NSO will host the 53rd Session of ISI during August 22-30, 2001, in Seoul, Korea.

The Impact of the Korean Financial Crisis on the Statistical Services

1. Introduction

The Korean economy has enjoyed high growth prior to the currency crisis. It achieved 8~9 percents growth and the per capita income reached over US 10 thousand dollars. It was the 11^th largest economy in terms of trade volumn in the world. However, the economy could not resolve the currency crisis and the Korean government had to resort to financial support from the IMF in November 1997. The internal and external causes of the crisis are as follows:

• other Southeast Asian current crisis,
• bankrupt of a large number of corporations in Korea,
• short term foreign debt in Korea,
• attempt to defend the won with its foreign currency reserves, etc..

Even though the crisis was originated in monetary difficulties, it affected all the socio-economic areas as well as statistical services. This report describes the downsizing of statistical personnel and budget.

2. Statistical personnel

The Korean government is reforming the public sector, and downsizing government organizations. The Government Administration Reform Committee drew a government restructuring scheme which aimed at promoting a small but efficient government. Thus, a revised Government Organization Act was enacted, reflecting the final version of the Committee that went into effect Feb. 28^th, 1998.

The main contents of the program are as follows:

• The number of Cabinet ministries decreased from 21 to 17 while the number of minister's level officials dropped from 33 to 24.
• The civil service will be downsized by 10.9% of the current total of 161,855 public servants over 3 years from 1998 to 2000.

Fortunately, the National Statistical Office is not significantly affected in personnel and budget, compared to other government offices. The curtailment of NSO's personnel is shown to be 29 persons, which represents 2.2% of total members at the beginning of 1998. On the contrary, the NSO's function has been expanded to cover 9 additional agricultural and fishery statistics, taking over 500 persons from the Ministry of Agriculture & Forest (MOAF)(430 persons) and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF)(70 persons) as of 1 July 1998. Therefore, we can say that the function of the National Statistical Office as the central statistical organization has become strengthened.

In the case of local governments, the impact is more severe. The number of public servants in local governments will be cut by 12.1% from the current total of 290,205 this year.

Downsizing Scale at Central & Local Gov't

	T/O	Decreased numbers
		Total(%)	1998	1999	2000
Central gov't	161,855	17,597 (10.9)	7,743 (4.8)	6,396 (4.0)	3,458 (2.1)
Local gov't	290,205	87,000 (30.0)	35,070 (12.1)

Source: Ministry of Govt Administration & Internal Affairs
Note: 1. The personnel in local governments will be downsized by 30% by the year 2002.p pStatistical Personnel

	98.1.1	98.2.19	98.3.3	98.7.1	98.8.1
NSO	1,301	1,292	1,272	1,781	1,772
Ministry of Agriculture & Forest, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries	Out of 2,000 working for data collection, 500 persons were transferred to NSO as of 1 July 1998.
Provinces	Division level for statistical work was shrunk to sectiBank of Koreaon level
Bank of Korea	Statistics Department, Research Department and Research Institute of Finance & Economy were merged into Research Department as of May 1998

The recent statistical environment has deteriorated since the onset of the crisis. Respondents are reluctant to answer statistical inquires. As some of them are unemployed or bankrupt, it is not easy to get cooperation from them. Furthermore, the statistics are required to be more accurate, diversified and timely.

The local governments squeeze the statistical departments and the manpower for statistics to downsize the organization and the personnel.  This will affect the quality of the statistical work compiled by the local governments.

3. Budget

The Supplementary 1998 Budget was made to reflect the situation of the financial crisis. The Supplementary Budget showed a decrease of 2.3 percent compared to that of the original budget.

The NSO's Supplementary Budget for 1998 was cut down by 8.2% compared to that of the original budget. The expenses for overseas travel were cut by 47.1 percent, reflecting the shortage of foreign reserves and a high exchange rate.

Although there is no significant effect in personnel, the impact of the crisis on NSO's statistical budget is found to be above the average of other sectors of the government.

1998 Original and Supplementary Budget (in billion won)

	Original	Supplementary	Difference
			Value	%
Central Gov't	75,464	73,765	-1,699	-2.3
NSO	57	52	-5	-8.2

Appendix 1: Organization chart of the National Statistical Office

Appendix 2: List of Statistical Surveys and Processed Statistics of NSO

A. Censuses and Statistical Surveys (38)

• Decennial(3)
  • National Wealth Survey
  • Agricultural Census
  • Fisheries Census
• Quinquennial(6)
  • Population Census
  • Housing Census
  • Industrial Census
  • Census on Wholesale & Retail Trade
  • National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure
  • Employment Structure Survey
• Biennial(1)
  • Statistical Activity Survey
• Triennial(2)
  • Statistical Demand Survey
  • Statistical Response Survey
• Annual(15)
  • Census on Basic Characteristics of Establishments
  • Mining and Manufacturing Survey
  • Survey on the Fluctuation of the Mining and Manufacturing Establishments
  • viital Statistics
  • Internal Migration Statistics
  • Social Statistics Survey
  • Wholesale and Retail Trade Survey
  • Service Industry Survey
  • Construction Works Survey
  • Transportation Survey
  • Farm Household Economy Survey
  • Production Cost Survey of Agricultural Products
  • Fishery Household Economy Survey
  • Basic Agricultural Statistics Survey
  • Basic Fisheries Statistics Survey
• Monthly(10)
  • Current Mining and Manufacturing Survey
  • Production Capacity and Operation Ratio Survey
  • Machinery Orders Received Survey
  • Construction Orders Received Survey
  • Current Wholesale & Retail Trade Survey
  • Family Income and Expenditure Survey
  • Economically Active Population Survey
  • Construction Put-in Place Survey
  • Food Grain Consumption Survey
  • Fishery Production Survey
• 3 Times a Month(1)
  • Consumer Price Survey  

B. Processed or Compiled Statistics (7)

• Annual(2)
  • Social Indicators
  • Gross Regional Domestic Products Survey
• Monthly(2)
  • Composite Indexes of Business Indicators
  • Estimated Index of Equipment Investment
• Occasional(3)
  • Life Table
  • Population Projection
  • Population Projection by Province